Relation of physical activity time to incident disability in community dwelling adults with or at risk of knee arthritis: prospective cohort study

Disability is a leading driver of healthcare costs, accounting for more than one in four dollars spent on healthcare. Medical spending among older adults is more strongly related to the presence of disability than to remaining life expectancy. More than 18% of people in the United States were classified as disabled in 2010, at an estimated annual cost of $357bn (£214bn; €259bn). Participation in physical activity is a low cost, broadly applicable approach to improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of developing chronic disease.

Randomizedcontrolled trials in adults show that increased physical activity is effective in reducing disability. Guidelines recommend 150 minutes each week of moderate to vigorous physical activity, but whether that intensity or time is needed to reducedisability is not known. In the absence of randomized clinical trials to evaluate a dose-response between time spent in specific intensities of physical activity and disability, to inform public health interventions we examined this question by using longitudinal data from community dwelling adults at elevated risk of disability due to osteoarthritis of the knee or risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (such as obesity).

The full study can be found here-

http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2472

Biological Resurfacing of the Glenoid

The management of arthritis in the young poses a very difficult problem for patients and surgeons. Unfortunately, we know that even in the best hands joint replacements will wear out given enough time. In the young patient this poses a significant challenge, as they may need several replacements during their lifetime.

This is a problem for all joint replacement surgeons but shoulder replacements have a series of unique aspects. With all joints there are two sides, usually a ball and a socket of some sort. In the shoulder the upper part of thehumerus(arm bone) forms the ball and the glenoid (part of the shoulder blade or scapula) the socket. The glenoid is a very small socket. The shoulder is also completely dependant on muscles with very little inherent bony stability. This means that if the muscles fail then the shoulder can become unstable. An unstable joint can wear more quickly. Both of these factors mean that replacing the glenoid has been a very difficult challenge to achieve good fixation and longevity.

The two principal options available to surgeons in shoulder replacement have therefore been to perform a total shoulder replacement. This gives better pain relief but may have a higher chance of glenoid loosening over time. Or to just replace the humeral side of the joint acknowledging that the results may be less predictable in terms of pain relief but there is no glenoid to worry about - A difficult choice especially in the young with high demands, expectations and level of function.

A potential solution to this was the proposed BIOLOGICAL RESURFACING of the GLENOID. This involves using a natural biological substance to cover the glenoid instead of a joint replacement. This would be the ideal scenario of achieving good pain relief but without the problems of glenoid implant failure.

The concept dates back over 100 years however it was Burkhead and Hutton (1995) who popularised the technique. They initially used eitheranteriorcapsule or fascia lata graft. They reported excellent initial results with good pain relief and increased ROM at 2 years. Their mid-term 7 years results were equally as encouraging with good/excellent results in 86% of shoulders. Other units also demonstrated good results, with Lee et al showing 83% satisfaction at 2-10 years using ananteriorcapsule graft. Other forms of graft were also tried including Achillestendonandlateralmeniscus allografts. The benefits of the different grafts were theoretically bulkier materiel that would have long life and tissue that had better load bearing characteristics respectively. De Beer described anarthroscopic technique, using commercially available dermal tissue (GraftJacket). 23/32 patients had excellent or satisfactory results. This study also found that the graft appeared to incorporate into the host glenoid into “tissue similar to fibrocartillage” on MRI.

Over the last few years, unfortunately, longer-term studies have started to show that the initial promising results may not be sustainable. Strauss et al reported their series of 41 patients. 31 had hadlateralmeniscal allograft and 10 GraftJacket with a resurfacing hemiarthroplasty. They found that the GraftJacket group had a clinical failure rate of 70% at 2.3 years and thelateralmenisicus group 45% at 3.4 years. JJP Warner from Harvard found that 11/13 of his patients had persistent pain. There was loss of joint space in 100% and 10/13 required revision surgery to a total shoulder replacement. This paper highlighted that the results were significantlyinferiorto his results with either hemiarthroplastyor total shoulder replacement. Hammond et al compared a case-controlled group of patients having resurfacing hemiarthroplastyalone against a similar group having hemiarthroplastyand biological glenoid resurfacing. They found that the outcome measures in the hemi alone group were better both in pain relief and functional improvement. There was however a high revision to total shoulder replacement rate in both groups (6/23 hemis at 3.8 years and 12/21 hemi + biological resurfacing at 3.6 years).

Shoulder replacement in the young is a difficult problem and one that we have not yet found the solution to. Biological resurfacing of the glenoid promised a novel option however the results do not seem to better than current shoulder replacements and may have a higher rate of complications.

With ref. from- shoulderdoc.co.uk

How to Cope Up the Next Day After a Sleepless Night

In a perfect world, every adult would get somewhere between seven and nine hours of sleep a night — the amount that experts say is needed for maximum health. But that doesn't always happen. But nowadays, many people experience a sleep problem atleast a few times each week. But work and family obligations don't go away just because you've wrestled with insomnia the night before. If getting through a day with just a few hours of sleep is inevitable, check out these tips to help you feel better until you can hit the hay.

Prioritize Your Day-
When you're tired,your brain isn't as good as making decisions. So if you're heading out for your day after a poor night's sleep, one of the best things you can do is make a plan of attack. If you list out all of the things you need to get done that day, and in what order, you can increase your productivity. That way, during the day, instead of being bogged down in decision-making and prioritizing, you can just attack the must-do items on your to-do list, and hopefully get home with plenty of time for a good night's sleep.

Brighten Up-
Getting out in the sunshine or around some form of bright light can help you feel more awake, even when you're sleep deprived. "There's a nucleus in the brain called the circadian pacemaker that adjusts the sleep-wake cycles," said Clete Kushida, MD, MPH, a neurologist, sleep specialist, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, and director at the Stanford Center for Human Sleep Research in California. "Getting bright light in the morning syncs the nucleus and enables the brain to remain more awake." A half-hour walk should be enough to get you the benefits of light. If it's cloudy or raining, a light box, which transmits light that mimics sunshine, can be a good substitute.

Get a Nap-
If your day permits it, a shortcatnap can be a nice pick-me-up and provide you with some extra energy. "Take 20 minutes, maybe during your lunch hour," said Zoran Grujic, MD, a neurologist and sleep specialist at Central DuPage Hospital in Winfield, Ill. "It can actually rejuvenate and decrease that sleep debt that's been building up."
But be sure to set your alarm. Naps longer than 20 minutes can cause sleep inertia — a groggy feeling that may leave you feeling even worse than before your nap.

Get Moving-
Hitting the gym may be the last thing on your mind when you're sleep deprived, but getting your blood pumping for a short period can have a significant stimulating effect. Just be sure to complete your workout in the morning or early afternoon. "If it's too close to bedtime, it can prevent you from falling asleep," said Dr. Kushida. And remember this sleep tip: Maintaining an exercise routine even when you've had a good night's rest is key — studies have shown thatmoderate-intensity exercise can improve sleep quality.

Try Caffeine (But Not Too Much)-
There's a reason coffee is marketed as a morning drink. Coffee is a stimulant because of its caffeine content, which blocks sleep-inducing chemicals in the brain and increases adrenaline production. Consuming a moderate amount ofcaffeine provides a temporary jolt, helping you squeeze more alertness out of your day. Just be sure to consume caffeinated beverages in small amounts, particularly if you're not a seasoned coffee drinker, or you could end up jittery and anxious. And since the stimulating effects of caffeine can last up to eight hours, avoid consuming caffeinated beverages late in the day, since they can keep you from getting to sleep that night.

Cool Off-
Warm environments tend to make people feel sleepy. Immersing yourself in cold could have a temporary stimulating effect when you feel sleep deprived. Start your day with a bracing cold shower, suggested Adam Fisch, MD, a neurologist and sleep specialist with JWM Neurology in Indianapolis. "You could theorize that keeping your office cooler could be helpful, too," he added.

Drink Water-
Though staying hydrated doesn't have a direct effect on wakefulness, it can prevent compounding the effects ofinsomnia with the annoying physical symptomsthat come with mild dehydration, like a dry mouth and lethargy. "If you're tired already with sleep deprivation and you're also dehydrated, your ability to focus and your vigilance is going to be down significantly," Dr. Grujic said. "Being well hydrated helps with that." Aim to drink six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day, and drink more if you're exercising or outside in hot weather.

With ref. from EveryDayHealth.

World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) Congress 2015

Kindly go to the link or the full details of World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) Congress 2015-

http://www.wcpt.org/congress

Piriformis Syndrome

Piriformis syndrome is a condition in which the piriformis muscle irritates the sciatic nerve deep in the buttock. This causes pain or tingling in the back of the hip that can often travel down into the leg.

How does it occur?

The piriformis muscle is located deep in the buttock and pelvis. This muscle allows you to rotate your thigh outward.The sciatic nerve travels from your back into your leg by passing through or next to the piriformis muscle. If the piriformis muscle is unusually tight or if it goes into spasm, the sciatic nerve can get inflamed or irritated. Piriformis syndrome may also be related to intense downhill running.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms include pain deep in your buttock that may feel like a burning pain. The pain usually goes down across your lower thigh. Your pain may increase when you move your thigh outward, such as when you sit cross-legged.

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask when your symptoms began. Since your sciatic nerve starts in the back, it can be irritated from a back injury, such as a herniated disk. Your provider will ask if you have injured your back or hip. He or she will examine your back to see if the sciatic nerve is irritated there. He or she will examine your hip and legs and move them to see if movement increases pain.You may have X-rays, a CT scan, or an MRI of your back to see if there is a back injury.

How is it treated?

To treat this condition-
Put an ice pack, gel pack, or package of frozen vegetables, wrapped in a cloth on the area every 3 to 4 hours, for up to 20 minutes at a time.
Rest.
Take an anti-inflammatory medicine such as ibuprofen, or other medicine as directed by your provider. Nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) may cause stomach bleeding and other problems. These risks increase with age. Read the label and take as directed. Unless recommended by your healthcare provider, do not take for more than 10 days.
Do stretching exercises of the piriformis muscle.
After you recover from your acute injury, use moist heat for 10 to 15 minutes at a time before you do warm-up and stretching exercises. Do not use heat if you have swelling.

How long will the effects last?

The length of recovery depends on many factors such as your age, health, and if you have had a previous piriformis injury. A mild injury may recover within a few weeks, but a severe injury may take 6 weeks or longer to recover. You need to stop doing the activities that cause pain until your muscle has healed. If you keep doing activities that cause pain, your symptoms will return and it will take longer to recover.

Study suggests new rehab. methods for amputees, stroke patients

New research into how a patient compensates after losing a dominant hand might lead to new rehabilitation techniques for those recovering from stroke or amputation.

When use of a dominant hand is lost by amputation or stroke, a patient is forced to compensate by using the nondominant hand exclusively for precision tasks like writing or drawing. Presently, the behavioral and neurological effects of chronic, forced use of the nondominant hand largely are understudied and unknown.

A new study, conducted by investigators at the University of Missouri in Columbia, looked closely at changes in behaviors and brain function in amputees who lost their dominant hands.

Half of the work in our lab focuses on amputees, particularly upper limb amputees, who are out of the acute phase of their recoveries; the other half involves those who have suffered the loss of function due to stroke or neurological disorders,” Scott Frey, PhD, professor of psychological sciences and director of the university’s Brain Imaging Center, said in a news release. “Our project analyzed the consequences of losing your dominant hand and how behaviors change for amputees. We also used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain function in people adapting to those situations.”

In the study, eight adult amputees who had been coping with the absence of their dominant right hands for an average 33 years performed simple drawing tests with their nondominant hands. A control group of right-handed adults also completed the same tests. The drawing tests were checked for speed and accuracy.

Frey and Benjamin Philip, PhD, a postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Psychological Sciences, found individuals who were forced to compensate with their nondominant left hands performed precision tasks as well as the control group did with their dominant right hands.

The same tests were then repeated while brain function was observed using fMRI. Researchers found the brain areas formerly devoted to motor and sensory functions of the amputated hand actually contributed to compensation for the loss on the nondominant side.

“Most people know that the left side of your brain controls the right hand and vice versa,” Frey said in the release. “We found that when amputees were forced to use their nondominant hands for years or decades, they exhibited performance-related increases in both the right and left hemispheres.”

In other words, their ability to compensate with the left hand appears to involve exploiting brain mechanisms that previously were devoted to controlling their now absent dominant hands,” Frey said in the release. “This compensatory reorganization raises the hope that, through targeted training, nondominant hand functions can be vastly improved, enabling a better quality of life for those who have lost dominant hand functions due to bodily or brain injury or disease.”

Although more research is needed, the study’s findings might help develop rehab interventions for stroke patients who do not regain precision control of the dominant hand during acute and subacute phases of recovery. For some patients in the first seven to 18 months after a stroke, it may make sense to train the less affected nondominant side, researchers said.

Abstract:- http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/10/3622

Ref.- TodayinPT

Quadriceps exercise best reduces knee OA pain

A quadriceps-specific exercise program was most effective at reducing pain for patients with knee osteoarthritis, according to a new analysis.

Knee OA develops in approximately one in two people during their lifetime, according to the CDC. Past studies have shown PT alone can alleviate pain for many patients but research has not shown the most effective program.

For their systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers with the University of Southern Denmark and the Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark and the University of Nottingham in the U.K. looked at the results of 48 trials of exercise interventions for reducing pain and patient-reported disability in knee OA. All of the trials compared exercise programs to nonexercise control programs.

Their goal was to identify an optimal exercise program and its characteristics, type and intensity of exercise, program length, duration of individual supervised sessions and number of sessions per week.
Researchers found similar effects for pain reduction for aerobic, resistance and performance exercise (standardized mean differences of 0.67, 0.62 and 0.48, respectively). Their analysis also showed single-type exercise programs were more effective than programs including different types of exercise (SMD 0.61 vs. 0.16).

When it came to pain reduction, results showed the effect of aerobic exercise increased with an increased number of supervised sessions. Quadriceps-specific exercise was better at reducing pain than lower limb exercise, investigators found. They also discovered more frequent supervised exercise at least three sessions a week led to pain reduction.
Intensity, duration of sessions and patient characteristics did not affect the findings. Researchers found similar results for the effect on patient-reported disability.

Optimal exercise programs for knee OA should have one aim and focus on improving aerobic capacity, quadriceps muscle strength, or lower extremity performance, the authors concluded. For best results, the program should be supervised and carried out three times a week. Such programs have a similar effect regardless of patient characteristics, including radiographic severity and baseline pain.

Abstract:- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.38290/abstract

Ref.- TodayinPT

Neck Pain Exercises

Here are some neck spasm-pain exerises which one can do to relieve neck pain.

Medical and Para Medical Jobs in Saudi Arabia

Medical and Para Medical jobs at King Fahd Military Medical Domplex, Dhaharan, Saudi Arabia.

Here are the details-

The 10 Tips for Success with Physiotherapy

Questions are often asked to Physiotherapists by patients how can they recover speedily? Here are few tips for getting the most out of Physiotherapy-

1.Approaching physiotherapy with an open mind.

2.Improve your understanding on how and why we feel pain.

3.Use resources given to you and read up around the area. We retain very little information that is given to us in our first assessment.

4.Complete exercises as prescribed. Not just when you remember/feel like it. Set an alarm/diary. If you wanted to run a marathon you couldn’t get ‘fit’ to do it by sitting at home on the couch.

5.Progress as your body allows and spend time with your physio understanding when you can push through pain and when you should take things more gently.

6.Taking note of what aggravates/ eases pain.  Movement, stress, time of day?

7.FITT principle :frequency, intensity, time or type. Change ONE variable at a time to allow optimal progression without irritation.

8.Allow time. Bodies are incredible. If you find this hard to believe watch the video below. The body can withstand incredible forces and repair structures that you would thing are irreparable. Give it time let it do its job.

9.Hollistic. Take an objective view on your life and consider all factors ie stress, job, other illnesses, dependents, sleep.  These can cause hormonal/chemical changes in the body ,which can affect pain/healing so consider CBT, counselling or mindfulness to achieve long term goals.

10.As a general rule you should see improvement in symptoms  within 3-4 sessions(if completed the exercises as prescribed).

Ref.- PhysioWizz

Comparison of Pectoralis Major and Serratus Anterior Muscle Activities During Different Push-Up Plus Exercises in Subjects With and Without Scapular Winging

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between males with and without scapular winging in the electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and activity ratio between the pectoralis major (PM) and serratus anterior (SA) during 3 push-up plus exercises; the standard push-up plus (SPP), the knee push-up plus (KPP), and the wall push-up plus (WPP), and to determine which exercise induced the lowest PM/SA ratio in each group.

Twenty-eight males took part in this study (13 scapular winging group, 21.8 ± 2.1 year; 15 control group, 23.3 ± 2.0 year). Surface EMG of the PM, SA and activity ratio between the PM and SA were collected during 3 push-up plus exercises, and the EMG data were expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction (% RVC). The normalized PM activity for subjects in scapular winging group was significantly higher than that in the control group (79.16±6.65 vs. 39.66±6.19 %RVC, p<.05). The normalized SA activity was significantly lower in scapular winging group compared to the control group (39.80±4.09 vs. 56.28±3.81 %RVC, p<.05), and was significantly reduced in the following order: SPP > KPP > WPP; 77.09±5.12 > 39.48±3.38 > 27.55±3.07 %RVC, p<.016). The PM/SA EMG ratio was significantly higher in the scapular winging group compared to that in control group across all exercises, and was significantly lower during SPP than that during KPP and WPP in both groups (1.13±0.58 vs. 0.53±0.25 for SPP, 3.50±2.07 vs. 0.92±0.63 for KPP, 4.04±3.13 vs. 1.19±0.66 for WPP, p<.016). Greater PM activity was seen in the scapular winging group, and the SPP is an ideal exercise for subjects with scapular winging where maximum SA activation with minimal PM activation is desired.

Ref.-
http://www.physiospot.com/research/comparison-of-pectoralis-major-and-serratus-anterior-muscle-activities-during-different-push-up-plus-exercises-in-subjects-with-and-without-scapular-winging/

17 Fun Facts About Foot and Shoe

1.The skin on your feet is 20 times thicker than the rest of your skin.

2.Feet produce ½ cup of sweat per day through the 250,000 sweat glands they contain.

3.The weight of shoes increases twofold when walking, six times when running.

4.Slim people’s feet get longer during the day, bigger people’s feet get wider.

5.The feet size changes by as much as 10 % during the day, that is the equivalent of one shoe size.

6.Children’s feet grow continually and must be measured every three months.

7.Girls’ feet grow until 14 years of age, boys’ until 16 years of age.

8.There are three types of feet – distinguished by the shape and size of toesEgyptian foot– the 2nd toe is shorter than the big toe – 70% of populationGreek foot– the 2nd toe is longer than the big toe – 20% of populationSquare foot– all toes same length – 10 % of population.

9.During an average person’s life, the feet’s sole flexes, stretches and contracts 300 million times, yet remains fully functional.

10.An average person takes about 10,000 steps a day, walks about 3,200 km per year and walks a distance corresponding to going around the globe for four and half times during their life.

11.Each sole must bear a pressure of about 500 tonnes every day.

12.No two people have the same feet, not even the opposite feet of the same person are identical. Each person’s footprints are individual and remain the same for their entire life.foot contains 26 bones, 33 joints, more than 100 tendons, muscles, and ligaments, and a whopping 250,000 sweat glands.

13.About three quarters of people wear the wrong sized shoes.People stick to the size they were measured for when young and fail to realise that their feet change shape. People also like to get the most out of their footwear, and wear and re-wear them even if they no longer fit.

14.Going barefoot is best for your feet, joints and overall posture.people had healthier feet and posture before the invention of shoes.

15.Walking is the best exercise for your feet. It contributes to your general health by improving circulation and weight control.

16.Women suffer from four times as many foot problems as men mainly due of their choice of footwear, such as shoes with narrow toes and high heels.

17.The largest feet in the world belong to a Mr Matthew McGrory who lives in America whose feet are a whopping size 28!!!

So, Appreciate your feet.. :) :)

With ref. from Bata Kenya.

Physiotherapy Vacancy in WHO ( World Health Organization )

Here are the details about vacancy in World Health Organization-

Risk Factors for Complications After Knee Replacement

While knee replacement surgery can help to improve mobility, there can be complications connected to this procedure. And some patients may be at a higher risk for experiencing these complications than others.

A recent study found that being older, havingdiabetesand being obese were significant risk factors for death or experiencing complications like wound infections in the 30 days after knee replacement surgery.

The authors of this study noted that patients and physicians should be mindful of any new symptoms or pain that occurs after having knee replacement surgery.

This study was led by Philip J. Belmont Jr., MD, of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in the William Beaumont Army Medical Center at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso. This research team examined the risk factors for complications and/or death in the 30 days following total knee arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (also known as knee replacement surgery) is a surgical procedure in which the knee is replaced with an artificial joint. Dr. Belmont and team analyzed data from 15,321 patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) between 2006 and 2010. Patients were excluded if they had knee replacement surgery on both knees.These researchers looked at the rate of complications experienced in the 30 days following surgery as well as the rate of death. Complications were categorized as major and minor systemic complications and major and minor localcomplications. Systemic refers to an entire system being affected and local refers to a specific region or body part being affected. Major systemic complications included renal (kidney) failure, septic shock (bacterial infection that causes very low blood pressure) and pulmonary embolism (blood clot that travels to the lung and causes difficulty breathing). Minor systemic complications included pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Major local complications included deep wound infections, and minor local complications included a shallow wound infection.

The researchers took several factors into account when analyzing their findings, including age, sex, body mass index (a measure of height and weight), presence of other medical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, time of procedures and length of hospital stay following the procedure. The researchers found that about 6 percent of patients experienced complications from the surgery in the 30-day study period. A total of 27 patients out of the 15,321 in the study population died in the 30-day study period which translates to less than 1 percent. The most common type of complication was a minor systemic complication, experienced by about 3 percent of the study population in the 30-day period.

The researchers found that patients with diabetes were three times more likely to die after having knee replacement surgery than patients without diabetes. Patients who were 80 years of age or older were more than two and a half times more likely to experience a major systemic complication such as septic shock. Patients with a body mass index of 40 or greater (morbidly obese) were about two and a half times more likely to experience a minor local complication such as a shallow wound infection. Cardiac disease patients were also more likely to experience a minor local complication with a risk of about six and a half times greater than non-cardiac disease patients.

The study's authors noted that higher body mass indexes and older age were significant risk factors for any complication after knee replacement surgery, while older age and diabetes were significant risk factors for death. These researchers concluded that physicians and patients should talk about and address any complications that mayarise following knee replacement surgery.

Citation:The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, “Thirty-Day Postoperative Complications and Mortality Following Total Knee Arthroplasty”Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia, “Septic Shock”National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, "What is Pulmonary Embolism?"© Bewuel | Dreamstime.com
Last Updated:January 10, 2014
Source:dailyrx.com

Physiotherapist Jobs

Here are some Physiotherapist jobs-

* Physiotherapist Job in Chennai, Tamilnadu-

Required Male Physiotherapist- Full Time/Part Time. Go to the following link for contact details and actual post-

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C9871522000

*Physiotherapist Job in Gurgaon-

Required Male Physiotherapist in a hospital. Go to the following link for contact details and actual post-

https://m.facebook.com/groups/135536786479173?_e_pi_=7%2CPAGE_ID10%2C6419284691

Disclaimer-
This post is purely for helping other Physiotherapists. This site doesn't take any responsibility about the jobs. One should do proper inquiry before joining.

Difference between Bell's Palsy and Facial Palsy

Bell's palsy and facial palsy are two most common terms which are often mis understood. But in real, they both are separate conditions and separate pathologies. Their managment should be separate, too.

Here is the article which defines the difference between Bell's Palsy and Facial Palsy-

http://www.physiobob.com/forum/neuro-physiotherapy/346-facial-palsy-bells-palsy.html

Achilles Tendon Injury- Treatment

To treat this condition:

Put an ice pack, gel pack, or package of frozen vegetables, wrapped in a cloth on the area every 3 to 4 hours, for up to 20 minutes at a time.

You could also do ice massage. To do this, first freeze water in a Styrofoam cup, then peel the top of the cup away to expose the ice. Hold the bottom of the cup and rub the ice over your tendon for 5 to 10 minutes. Do this several times a day while you have pain.

Raise your foot by putting a pillow under your lower leg when you sit or lie down.

Take an anti-inflammatory such as ibuprofen, or other medicine as directed by your provider. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) may cause stomach bleeding and other problems. These risks increase with age. Read the label and take as directed. Unless recommended by your healthcare provider, do not take for more than 10 days.

While you are recovering from your injury, change your sport or activity to one that does not make your condition worse. For example, you may need to swim instead of run.

Follow your provider’s instructions for doing exercises to help you recover.

After you recover from your acute injury, use moist heat for 10 to 15 minutes at a time before you do warm-up and stretching exercises. Do not use heat if you have swelling. If you over-pronate, your healthcare provider may recommend shoe inserts, called orthotics, to keep your foot stable. You can buy orthotics at a pharmacy or athletic shoe store or they can be custom-made. If your healthcare provider prescribes a heel lift insert for your shoe, wear it at least until your tendon heals and possibly longer. The liftprevents extra stretching of your Achilles tendon.

In some severe cases of Achilles tendonitis, your foot may be put in a cast for several weeks.

A tear of the tendon may require surgery. If you don't have surgery, your foot may be put in a cast for 6 to 10 weeks.

Prevent Back Pain

1 is better than two.
1 helps in preventing back pain.

Prevention is better than cure.

How to Remain Fit and Healthy- For Office Workers

If you’re an office worker then chances are you spend a lot of time sitting! If you spend most of your day parked up in the chair then here’s two things you need to know:

1.How to build regular breaks and movement into your day (as too much sitting is bad for your health).
2.How to set up your workstation to prevent posture and back problems.

Here is the advice...

Taking regular breaks-

Did you already know that sitting isn’t great for your health? Recent studies have shown that sitting can shorten our life and others have compared it to the effects of smoking!

If you spend the majority of your day sitting then ensure your breaks are active. Go for a walk at lunchtime or try and stand for some of your break rather than sit. You can also look at where your printers or other information is situated. Where possible create a routine task that makes you get up out of chair. This builds natural breaks into your day.

A few other office related tips:

*.Walk over to a colleague rather than sending an email.
*.Set a reminder on your calendar to get up and stretch every hour or so
.*.If you are making a call on your mobile you can walk around while you talk.
*.Active meetings - take your discussions outside for a few minutes’ walk. You could stop for a cup of coffee on the way.

Setting up your workstation-

Since most of us spend a lot of time at work it’s important that our area is set up correctly. Here are a few things to check:

1. Learn how to adjust the seat back of your office chair. The rounded part (lumbar support) should fit comfortably into the small of your back. This can be lowered or raised. Chairs have varying mechanisms with which to do this so have a look or ask. Change the height of your seat back before you change the back angle.

2. When you sit with your back supported you should not feel like you are being pushed forward. If that is the case your seat back is too upright; recline it slightly back. You may want to recline it slightly more if your lower back is sore to ‘unload it’. Not too far that your head and neck have to strain forward but a tiny degree of change can make a big difference to comfort.

3. Feet need to be fully supported either on the floor or by using a footrest.

4. When sitting up tall the top of your monitor should be at, or below, eye level with a slight angle so that bottom of screen is closer to you than the top. Use of glasses or lenses may impact on the height and angle with which you need to use your monitor. Be aware that a smaller screen rather than larger may be better for your viewing. Multiple screens can be challenging to good positioning – if one is used more frequently make this your main screen and position yourself in front of this as much as possible.

5. Using a sit-stand desk allows the freedom to change positions more easily. It also allows you to adjust the height by a millimetre of two which can also increase comfort.

6. Limit time on laptops; tablets; pads; mobile devices when you don’t have a docking station or some method to set them up as you would for a PC workstation. Use a separate keyboard and mouse for longer periods of use and either a separate monitor or a stand so that your screen is positioned in line with the guide above.

With ref. from Physiotherapy New Zealand.

What are Shin Splints or Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ?

A condition that commonly occurs when athletes intensify or change their training routines.

Commonly known as ‘Shin Splints’, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome refers to pain along the shin bone (tibia).It is common in sports that involve running and for dancers.The exact cause of the pain is not well understood but it most probably comes from pulling of the muscles along their attachment to the bone causing inflammation at the junction of the muscle and bone. In more severe cases it can also involve a stress response in the bone itself.

Symptoms-

1.  Aching and pain along the shin bone – either on the inside (in the case of medial shin splints) or the outer edge (anterior shin splints) or in severe cases – both.

2.  Tenderness to touch along the ridge of the shin bone.

3.  The area over the ridge of the shin bone may be red and inflamed.

4.  At first the pain is often worse at the start of a run or game then eases off as you warm up. As it gets more severe it doesn’t ease and you may also notice pain after exercise has stopped.

Causes-

1.Exercising too hard and/or progressing too quickly following a break in training.

2.Poor foot posture- excessive rolling in (pronation) can put added load on the shin muscles. While lack of any pronation (a very ridged foot) can cause more stress to travel up through the shin bone. Both leading to shin splints.

3.Exercising on hard surfaces like concrete or sports fields that are very dry.

Management-

Taper your training and modify the environment.

Postural correction, streching, adequate warm-up

In the meantime icing the area of pain for 20min after exercise, relative rest and NSAIDS as prescribed by your medical professional can all help.

Cross training with an emphasis on low impact exercise such as swimming or cycling may enable you to maintain your cardiovascular fitness while the shins heal.

Prevention-

It is best to prevent shin splints before they occur. You can help yourself avoid getting this irritating and sometimes serious condition by :

1.Starting out slowly with a new program and building intensity and length of time gradually.

2.Cross train from the beginning and allow for adequate rest time between more intense exercise sessions.

3.Pick soft surfaces to run on if possible – run on the grassy verge rather than the foot path.

4.Make sure your running shoes are not worn out as they will absorb less shock and more will be transmitted up the shin bone. Also ensure you don’t get tempted to over support the ach of your foot by purchasing shoes with high and ridged arch supports – some rolling in (pronation) is necessary for shock absorption.

With ref. from MGSPhysio.

5 Reasons Why Physiotherapy Needs to be Part of Your Fitness and Health Plans

When you hear the words “physiotherapy” do you conjure up images in your mind of people walking with walkers? Do you think physical therapy is only for people who have had surgery? There is  misconception that physical therapy is only necessary as treatment for injuries or post-surgery rehabilitation.

Here are five scenarios where a physical therapist can help you stay healthy to reach your long term fitness and lifestyle goals.

1. You have a nagging problem that gets your attention only during training sessions. You may be fine doing all of your normal activities; but, every time you get into your workout, you get that same nagging discomfort. Don’t wait! Early access to physical therapy leads to better outcomes.

2. You are looking to buy a new pair of running shoes, but you aren’t sure which type to purchase. We can take a look at you to determine what type of shoe may be best. We will look at your current shoes for wear patterns and assess your gait to determine if poor technique may lead to injury. We will make recommendations based on your overall joint structure and your goals.

3. You are looking for an overall conditioning program. As physical therapists, we are highly trained to assess your current level of function and then develop a program to help you achieve your goals. These goals may be speed, strength or stability related. We are experts at developing exercise programs for you to carry out at your gym or home. Physical therapists are your best resource for wellness programs whether you are a new mom looking to get back into the triathlon scene or a grandparent who wants to kick the soccer ball around with your grandchildren.

4. You have a chronic health condition such as arthritis, lupus or diabetes which may complicate your body’s response to training. Physical therapists have extensive knowledge of neurological, general health and orthopedic conditions. We can make recommendations to help you stay active while preventing injury. We can also provide manual therapy to inflamed joints to prevent loss of range of motion and provide education about chronic pain.

5. You sit all day in your job. People who sit at a desk all day tend to have short hip flexor muscles, tight pectoral muscles and weak scapular stabilizing muscles. These imbalances set you up for injury when your training feeds intothe same patterns (swimming freestyle contributes to shortening of the pectoral muscles, hunching over a bike keepsthe hip flexors shortened and the upper back muscles overstretched and weak.) We can also provide ergonomic recommendations for you to alleviate the effects of repetitive strain injuries such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and chronic tension headaches.

Chronic Lack of Sleep- A Factor to Increase Sports Injuries in Adolescent Athletes

Chronic lack of sleep is associated with increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes.

Check the following link to find out the research done to find how chronic lack of sleep is associated with the increased sports injuries in adolescent athletes.

http://journals.lww.com/pedorthopaedics/Fulltext/2014/03000/Chronic_Lack_of_Sleep_is_Associated_With_Increased.1.aspx?utm_source=exacttarget&utm_medium=email&utm_term=ArticleTitle2&utm_content=j11&src=Week%2016%20-%20Hot%20Topics%20-%20Orthopedics&et_cid=428829&et_rid=NSIC@AUSPORT.GOV.AU

Occupational Therapist Jobs

Here is the list of Occupational Therapy jobs openings:-

http://us2.campaign-archive1.com/?u=02e956bcc433990b6e3f9d8a4&id=b658517943

With ref. from-PhysioBob, Bob's Job.

Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports

There are many children and young athletes are affected by overuse injuries. Adolescent girls are most prone to such injuries. Early specialization in sports may put young athletes at risk for overuse injuries, and doesn't necessarily lead to long term success in their sport.

Parents, coaches, teachers, trainers, and doctors can work together to encourage young athletes to listen to their bodies and to rest and cross-train, that can decrease the phenomenon of overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports.

Overuse injuries - causes

Organized youth sports: Left to themselves, children engaged spontaneous and unstructured sport and recreational activity are generally free of overuse injury. It is when adults step into the picture that "injury free" status seems to change.

Elite-level travel teams: Increased emphasis on competitive success, often driven by goals of elite-level travel team selection, collegiate scholarships, Olympic and National team membership, and even professional contracts, has become widespread, resulting in increased pressure to begin high-intensity training at young ages. Excessive focus on early intensive training and competition at young ages rather than skill development can lead to overuse injury and burnout.

Overuse injuries - risk factors

Risk factors for overuse injuries are often grouped into two categories: intrinsic (e.g. individual biological characteristics and psychosocial traits) and extrinsic (e.g. external forces related to the sport type, the biomechanics of the activity, and the sporting environment), some of which are capable of being modified (e.g. strength, neuromuscular function) and others are not (age, gender).

IntrinsicPrior injury: is the strongest predictor of future overuse injury. Repeated overuse injury may occur as a result of inadequate rehabilitation of the injury and/or a failure to recognize the factors that contributed to the original injury.

Adolescent growth spurt: Overuse injuries may be more common during the adoloscent growth spurt.

Menstrual irregularity: a history of amenorrhea (irregular periods), especially in sports that emphasize leanness (e.g. gymnastics, figure skating, dance) is a significant risk factor for bone stress injury, although there is little data on younger adolescents.

Extrinsic

Workload:
Higher training volumes have consistently been shown to increase the risk of overuse injury in multiple sports.A study of high school athletes found a linear relationship between hours of sports participation and risk of injury, with training more than 16 hours per week associated with a significant increased risk of injury requiring medical care.

Volume (amount of activity in single session) and intensity (number of sessions per week/month/year) is correlated with overuse injury risk): i.e.- Number of pitches per game in youth baseball, More than 100 innings per year, Wrist pain in young gymnasts related to training intensity, as measured by skill level and number of hours training per week.

Year-round play. 42% increase in self-reported overuse injuries in high school athletes who participated all year versus 3 or less seasons per year. (Cuff, 2010).

More organized sports/less free play. There is emerging evidence to suggest that athletes who spend most of their time in organized sports and little time in free play or recreation are more likely to be injured. One study (Jayanthi, 2012), for instance, found that the athletes who suffered sport-related injuries spent an average of 12.6 hours per week in tennis and only 2.4 hours per week in free play or recreation, while the uninjured players spent only 9.7 hours per week in organized tennis and 4.3 hours in unstructured free play.

BurnOut- risk factors

Environmental-
Extremely high training volumes

Extremely high time demands

Demanding performance expectations (imposed by self or significant others)

Frequent intense competition

Inconsistent coaching practices

Personal characteristics-
Perfectionism

Need to pleases others

Nonassertiveness

Unidimensional self-conceptualization (focusing only on one's athletic involvement)

Low self-esteem

High perception of stress (high anxiety)

Early specialization-
Several studies have suggested that athletes who had early specialized training withdrew from their sport either due to injury or burnout.

A study of swimmers found that those who specialized early spent less time on the national team and retired earlier than those who specialized later.

Early specialization also seems to be correlated with reports of decreased general health and psychological well-being.

What We Don't Know

Incidence and prevalence: Research on overuse injuries in children and adolescents is sparse. Becauses aged-based data is lacking, recommendations for participation and training is often based on extrapolations derived from limited high school and college data, extrapolation which, says one expert (Roberts WO, 2014), is hazard."

Reasons kids drop out of sports: The issue is complicated issue, with a lack of reliable data hampering informed public opinion and sports polcies. "Ironically," says one Roberts, the source of the oft-quoted statistic that '80% of youth athletes drop out by age 13' is impossible to find."

Effect of tournaments and showcases: Despite the absence of data to link these activities with overuse injuries, longer rest periods between matches and games have been proposed in an effort to improve athlete safety and performance, enhance recovery, and minimize the "carryover" effects from previous competitions. In terms of overuse injuries, scheduling may simply be a marker for a high ratio of workload-to-recovery time.

The relationship between sports specialization and injuries: While there are both theoretical and measurable risks associated with intense, specialized training, the relationship has not been clearly demonstrated. A large study of competitive junior tennis players found that those who competed only in tennis were 1.5 times more likely to have reported an injury, but did not account for training intensity (e.g. weekly training hours). Early data from a clinical study comparing young athletes with sports-related injuries to healthy, uninjured athletes presenting for sports physicals suggests that more specialized athletes were more likely to be injured, but further research, both studies controlling for training intensity and year-round training and evaluating multi-sport athletes over time (e.g. longitudinally) compared to specialized athletes and stages of development to determine the effects of sports diversification with specialization, are needed.

The path forward

National research agenda needs to be developed to more carefully examine all aspects of youth sport programs;

Holistic approach needed which considers how youth sports either contributes to or detracts from the overall health of the child, physical/physiological, psychological, cognitive/academic, social and spiritual;

Future research needs to focus on age groups (6-10, 11-15, 16-18, 19-25 years); even better, group children by developmental stage (prepubuscent, pubescent, postpubuscent, and late-stage maturation), with different age groupings to account for earlier maturation of girls compared to boys.

Concerted effort from sports community to develop a funding stream to support research is needed.

Sources:

Cuff S, Loud K, O'Riordan MA. Overuse injuries in high school athletes. Clin Pediatr. 2010;49:731-736.

DiFiori JP, Benjamin HJ, Brenner J, Gregory A, Jayanthi N, Landry GL, Luke A. Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports: A Position Statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Clin J Sports Med. 2014;24(1):3-20.

DiFiori JP, Puffer JC, Mandelbaum BR, et al. Factors associated with wrist pain in the young gymnast. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24:9-14.

Dun S, Loftice J, Fleisig GS, et al. A biomechanical comparison of youth baseball pitches: is the curveball potentially harmful? Am J Sports Med. 2008;36:686-692.

Fleisig GS, Andrews JR, Cutter GR, et al. Risk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: a 10-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2011;39:253-257.

Jayanthi N. Injury risks of sport specialization and training in junior tennis players: a clinical study. Paper presented to the Society for Tennis and Medicine Science North American Regional Conference, Atlanta GA. December 2012.

Parks ED, Ray TR. Prevention of overuse injuries in young baseball pitchers. Sports Health. 2009;1:514-517.

Roberts WO. Overuse Injuries and Burnout in Youth Sports. Clin J Sports Med. 2014;24(1):1-2.

With ref. from Momsteam

5 tips for Physiotherapists on Social Media

1. Your digital footprint:
If you post, state, write a blog on the internet it can always be re accessed and found. This is not the place to have a blow out at the end of a long day.

2. People behave differently on social media:
People you are interacting with may say things they would probably NEVER say if they were in a room with you.  As physios we know the importance of social interaction and non verbal cues. Text is open to interpretation and can be understood, as it was not first intended. If there is a mis interpretation take the discussion somewhere private so that it is not in the public domain. Everything in the public domain affects your reputation.

3. Online is a public arena:
Be mindful that patients and other professionals can read your content/ remarks. Professional codes of conduct apply I all of these areas.

4. Keep your private and public life separate:
Use different accounts and remember that even when you are posting in your ‘private life’ you are still expected to uphold professional behaviour.

5. Don’t be scared of it:
The digital age is an extremely exciting time and there’s so much to be learn with access to a huge amount of information!! Use it and be part of it because that’s what every other industry is doing and if you don’t embrace it you will be left behind.

With ref. from PhysioWizz

Depression- Treating by Physiotherapy Way

In today's hectic life, depression is oftenly seen in individuals. They eat many expensive medicines and do many economically hefty treatment for that. But Physiotherapy provides success in results without much money.

The symptoms of Depression can often be improved when individuals introduce exercise and physical activity into their lives. For people who suffer from depression & anxiety, exercise may be one  of the last things on the mind. Exercise can make a huge difference to peoples lives once they get motivated to start.

How Exercise Helps With Depression?

Here are some ways that exercise can help with depression:

*.Feel-Good Brain Chemicals-These chemicals are released during exercise, and these neurotransmitters and endorphins may help to reduce depression.

*.Reduction of immune system chemicals-The chemicals can make depression worse

*.Sleep -Regular exercise will help to improve sleep patterns which may be affected by Depression.

*.Increasing Body Temperature -Which may have calming effects.

Psychological Benefits of Exercise-

*.Sense of Achievement -Meeting exercise targets/goals, no matter how small, will boost self-confidence. Exercise can help people to get into shape and look good, which in turns leads to positive self-esteem. Exercise helps to provide you with a focus and also motivation.

*.Distraction -Exercising is a distraction from any worries you may be encountering and will take you away from any negative thoughts.

*.Social Benefits -Exercise gives you the chance to play with a team or against other people so you can get out of the house/office etc and have some fun with people. Even going for a walk might give you the opportunity to see the neighbours, friends etc.

*.Coping in Positive Way -With Depression & Anxiety, doing something positive such as exercising becomes a coping strategy.

Which Exercises should be done?

Exercise is a daunting word for many, that  might strike up connotations of lifting weights or running laps (which might seem  scary to some). Of course the aforementioned are good ways of exercising, there are countless activities such as, running, walking the dog, cycling, swimming, playing sports such as football or tennis. However exercise is not limited to sports – other activities which get the heart pumping include washing your car, painting the house, doing the gardening etc.  Anything that gets someone off the couch and moving about is beneficialand improves mood.Thirty minutes of exercise 4-5 times a week is recommended and even though it sounds like a lot, do not get put off. Make time in your day to do this. If you do not have 30 mins, take two- 15 time slots out of your day. Add small amounts of activity to your daily routine – cycle to work, take the bus and walk, park your car further away from the office…. These little changes can all help to improve your overall health. Build up your level of exercise gradually so you are not throwing yourself straight into the deep end. All these little changes in your life can help to improve your physical health which can then have an impact on your mental health and help reducing the effects of depression.

Stress Control

In today's hectic time, stress is one of the commonest syndrome/disease to be seen in the individuals. Some eat high power medicines to cure it but they have adverse effects also. Here are some home remedies to counter the stress mechanism.

Our body is designed to handle brief periods of stress from time to time. But too much isn't good for the body or soul. Take control of your stress naturally with these tips, Even when you can’t change a difficult situation, you have some control over the way you deal with stress. So if you’re pulling out your hair, biting your nails to the quick, or worrying yourself into a tizzy, try these techniques to loosen stress’s grip and restore a sense of sanity.

• Ever since ancient Greeks began enjoying chamomile tea, it has been praised for its healing properties. Today, when an estimated one million cups are drunk each day throughout the world, herbalists and naturopathic doctors praise chamomile as a wonderful remedy for stress. Drink one cup three times a day.

• You can also add chamomile, along with other calming herbs such as lavender and valerian, to bathwater for a nerve-soothing soak. Wrap the dried herbs in a piece of cheesecloth and hold it under the faucet while you fill the tub.

• Get more vitamin C. In many studies it is seen that, under-pressure people who took 1,000 milligrams of C had milder increases in blood pressure and brought their stress hormone levels back to normal more quickly than people who didn't take it.

Beat stress with your mind-

• The study by Dr. Herbert Benson of Harvard University interprets that, the relaxation response has been clinically proven to short-circuit stress. Sit in a comfortable position in a quiet place. Close your eyes. Now choose a word or phrase to focus on (“It’s okay,” for example). As you concentrate on breathing in and out, repeat the phrase each time you exhale. If you get distracted by other thoughts, gently put them out of your mind and return to your word or phrase. Continue for 10 to 20 minutes. Practice at least once a day.

Disclaimer-

The information here is not the substitute of physician. If you are in doubt about the seriousness of your ailment you must consult a qualified physician/medical practitioner.

Anxiety in Sports

It is often the case that we suffer from anxiety. Anxiety can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). Anxiety can also be related to pre-match nerves or develops over time due to low self-confidence.

Stage Fright – Once we cross the line we are on STAGE.

If we are anxious of competition a number of things can occur.

There are two effects of anxiety:
1)   Psychological (in the head) (Cognitive)
2)   Physiological (in the stomach) (Somatic)

Performers who dwell on their anxiety will suffer from poor performance.

Performers will suffer from a range of:
1)   Restricted focus
2)   Poor concentration
3)   Limited control
4)   Lack of spatial awareness
5)   Negative thinking/thoughts
6)   Butterflies in the stomach
7)   Increased heart rate
8)   Tight muscles
9)   Sweaty palms
10)  Feelings of apprehension/sickness

In order to help our mind overcome our negative symptoms there are a range of strategies that need to be practiced on a regular basis.

Strategies:
10 steps to effective deep breathing – this method is crucial in reducing butterflies in the stomach. To benefit you must find a quiet place (at home) and lie down.
STEP 1) close your eyes and regulate your breathing by starting to feel the centre of your stomach.
STEP 2) put both hands on your stomach and feel it go up and down for twenty seconds.
STEP 3) control your breathing through your nose and out your mouth. This must be a smooth transition that flows as a rhythm.
STEP 4) think back to your best performance and recall all the positive feelings that you had. During this recall think of all the positive emotions and the impact they had on your body. You should now be relaxed.
STEP 5) concentrate on your stomach and feel it go up and down slowly.
STEP 6) try and imagine you are inside your stomach and see how it feels. If it is tight try and make it relax, imagine you are stroking it.
STEP 7) next, bring some colours into your thinking and make them float inside your stomach. Do this for ten seconds.
STEP 8) now tighten the muscles in and around your stomach and relax them after ten seconds.
STEP 9) reintroduce the colours into your stomach for ten seconds and see how you feel.
STEP 10) for the final three to five minutes imagine you are at the seaside, the sun is out, the sea is calm and you are relaxing in the sand. Keep this in your mind and smile.

Physiotherapy Treatment of Acne

Acne is a skin disease caused by changes in the pilosebaceous units(the hair follicles and sebaceous gland). It commonly occurs during adolescents affecting more than 85% of teenagers and frequently continues to adulthood.

Physiotherapy Treatment-

GOALS
1)To obtain desquamation of skin.
2)Increase vascularity.
3)Reduce number of micro-organism.
4)Improve general health and hygiene.

(a)UVR-
First the skin is washed with soap water and then gently dried with clean towel then irradiated by UVR. E 1 dose is given 2-3 times a week for about 3-4 weeks. This is given to improve the condition of the skin and this is repeated. E2 and E 3 doses are given for healing purpose. This will open the block causing the infected material to discharge rather than retain it in the skin.The technique of UVR varies with the area being heated. Thetherapist must ensure that during screening there should not be any possibility of overlap dosage.

(b)LASER-
He-Ne laser with wavelength 632.8nm to burn away the follicle sac from which the hair grows. It burns away the sebaceous gland which produce oil. Also it induce formation of oxygen which kills the bacteria which cause acne vulgaris. LASER can be used for scar marks Keloids.

Proper Way to Move a Bedridden Person

Manytimes, the bedridden persons aren't properly moved. That can cause serious problems to them.
Here is the proper way of how to move the bedridden person-

Physiotherapy being praised by a legend

HOW TO SURVIVE A HEART ATTACK WHEN YOU ARE ALONE??

Since many people are alone when they suffer a heart attack, without help,the person whose heart is beating improperly and who begins to feel faint, has only about 10 seconds left before losing consciousness.
However,these victims can help themselves by coughing repeatedly and very vigorously. A deep breath should be taken before each cough, and the cough must be deep and prolonged, as when producing sputum from deep inside the chest.
A breath and a cough must be repeated about every two seconds without let-up until help arrives, or until the heart isfelt to be beating normally again.
Deep breaths get oxygen into the lungs and coughing movements squeeze the heart and keep the blood circulating. The squeezing pressure on the heart also helps it regain normal rhythm.

In this way, heart attack victims can get to ahospital. Tell as many other people as possible about this. It could save their lives!

Physical Therapy as a Mesothelioma Treatment

Mesothelioma is a form of cancer that appears in the outside lining of your lungs. However, it is not limited to this one area of the body. Mesothelioma is a cancer than can appear in the sac surrounding a man’s testis, the lining surrounding your abdominal cavity, and the little sac that contains your heart.
Mesothelioma Symptoms-
*.Chest wall pain
*.Pleural effusion, or fluid surrounding the lung
*.Shortness of breath
*.Fatigue or anemia
*.Wheezing, hoarseness, or cough
*.Blood in thesputum(fluid) coughed up (hemoptysis) are the Mesothelioma symptoms
Mesothelioma Prognosis-
The Mesothelioma prognosis remains disappointing, although there have been some modest improvements in prognosis from newer chemotherapies and multimodality treatments.
Physiotherapy in Mesothelioma-
Physiotherapy is an important part in the Mesothelioma treatment.
All patients who suffer from mesothelioma are required to undergo physical therapy, even if you have already undergone surgery, chemo, and/or radiation. There is a valid reason for this. All three types of treatment are exceptionally difficult on your body. With their many negative side effects, your body needs physical therapy to regain the strength it once had.
Without physical therapy, these treatment options are less successful. Your body needs all the strength it can get to successfully respond to all treatment options. This therapy will occur with a physical therapist as scheduled by your medical professional.
Mesothelioma treatments are designed to help patients feel more comfortable and hopefully extend your quality of life. While there is no cure for mesothelioma at this time, these three treatment options are your best bet. Of course, your doctor might have other suggestions as far as using a combination of these treatments and other medications to help you live as comfortably as possible. Each case of mesothelioma is unique, meaning your treatment method will differ from others.




*Disclaimer*
The article is compiled, so ni copyright is claimed.

Triceps Tendon Injury Exercises

Here are some exercises for the Triceps Tendon Injury-

French stretch: Stand with your fingers clasped together and your hands high above your head. Stretch by reaching down behind your head and trying to touch your upper back while keeping your hands clasped. Keep your elbows as close to your ears as possible. Hold this position for 15 to 30 seconds. Repeat 3 times.

Triceps towel stretch: Stand with your injured arm over your head holding the end of a towel. Put your other arm behind your back and grab the towel. Stretch your top arm behind your head by pulling the towel down toward the floor with your uninjured arm. Keep the elbow of your injured arm as close to your ear as possible. Hold for 15 to 30 seconds. Repeat 3 times.

Towel resistance exercise: Stand with your injured arm over your head holding the end of a towel. Put your other armbehind your back and grab the towel. Lift the hand of your injured arm toward the ceiling while pulling down on the towel with your other hand. Keep the elbow of your injured arm as close to your ear as possible. Hold for 10 seconds. Repeat 10 times.

French press: Sit and hold a small weight or dumbbell with both hands as if it were a baseball bat. Reach your arms over your head toward the ceiling. Bending your elbows, slowly lower the weight behind your head until the weight touches your upper back. Lift the weight up over your head and reach toward the ceiling again. Do 2 sets of 15 repetitions.

Modified push-up: Get onto your hands and knees, with your hands directly below your shoulders. Slowly bend your arms and lower yourself toward the floor, being careful to keep your spine straight. When you can do 2 sets of 15 easily, do this with your feet off the floor. Gradually progress to doing regular push-ups with your legs out straight.

Triceps kick back: Lean forward with the hand of your uninjured arm resting on a table or chair for support. Hold a weight with the hand of your injured arm. Keep the elbow of your injured arm against your side. Your arm should be bent at a 90-degree angle with the upper arm parallel to the floor. Move your forearm back until it is straight and alsoparallel to the floor. Then bring it back to the starting position. Do 2 sets of 15 repetitions.

Physiotherapy- Even Helped the SUPERMAN !!!

We all grew up knowing him as SUPER MAN..THE SAVIOR...The RESCUER...the ROLE MODEL of every child...Christopher Reeve achieved fame for his portrayal of Superman - the man that was invincible and a national hero for many - as well as starring in many other hit films.

After being thrown from a horse in 1995, however, the actor shattered the first two vertebrae in his spine and was paralyzed from the neck down. Upon first finding out he was a quadriplegic; Reeve stated he was very depressed and contemplated suicide.

However, his time in physical and occupational rehabilitation inspired him, and he spent the rest of his life campaigning on behalf of progressive research and was even named TIME Person of the Year. Although he has since passed away from medical complications in 2004, the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation still carries on his legacy of advocacy and research. The Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation is dedicated to curing spinal cord injury by funding innovative research, and improving the quality of life for people.

Importance of Physiotherapy

Prosthetics Helping a Dog in Rehabilitation

A 9-month-old boxer pup named Duncan barrelled down a beach in Oregon, running full tilt on soft sand into YouTube history and showing more than 4 million viewers that he can revel in a good romp despite lacking back legs.

"It’s a heartwarming, wonderful thing to see,” said Dr. Bonnie Beaver, a professor at Texas A&M University’s College of Veterinary Medicine and executive director of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists. More veterinarians are using wheelchairs, orthotics and prosthetics to improve the lives of dogs that have lost limbs to deformity, infection or accident, experts say. There have been great strides in technology to keep up with U.S. soldiers returning wounded from war, and veterinarians have adapted the materials and know-how for the rising demand from clients.

“There are so many things we can do to solve mechanical problems. ... If you have broken parts, we can replace them,” said Martin Kaufmann, co-owner of Veterinary Orthotics and Prosthetics in Denver, also known as OrthoPets, which helps about 2,000 animals a year. Most devices range from $150 to $2,000 but can cost more, Kaufmann said. Duncan’s owners, Amanda Giese and Gary Walters, are co-founders of Panda Paws Rescue for special needs and hospice dogs in Vancouver, Washington. Of the 3,500 dogs they have placed in the last 19 months, 10 were two-legged. Nine of them adapted to wheelchairs and found homes.Only 19-pound (8.6-kilogram) Duncan, whose deformed back legs were amputated, refused to take to wheels.But they have seen successes even in challenging cases, Kaufmann said. Orthopets helped mixed-breed puppy Naki’o after his four legs and tail were frozen in ice. What frostbite didn’t do, a surgeon did, amputating all four legs. Then, Kaufmann outfitted him with four prosthetics. "To see Naki’o at the beginning, he was protective and guarded,” he said. “Six months after all this was done, he was just a fun-loving guy who likes to socialize.” Another dog, a Labrador-golden retriever mix named Pirelli had a back paw that never developed. Pirelli uses a prosthetic limb, and with it is a “happy, expressive dog, able to run and play, retrieve things and eat his food,” said Dudley Arnold, Pirelli’s handler.

With ref. from- The Hindu.

Physiotherapy- One of the Most Satisfying Jobs

EECP – A non-invasive method to repair the heart

What is EECP all about?

Enhanced External Counter Pulsation is a non-invasive cardiovascular treatment for patients who have heart disease (single or multi vessel blocks), congestive heart failure and/or repeat of signs and symptoms after surgical treatment and also for those prone to heart ailments due to various other factors.

Who needs EECP?

People suffering from chest pain (on exertion, at rest, continuous, occasionally) , blocks, family history, high cholesterol, abnormal and sedentary lifestyle, smokers, unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, obesity and such hypertension, diabetes and other conditions involving poor blood circulation are ideal candidates for EECP. Recent studies have shown a drastic dip in the prevalent age group suffering from cardiac disease. From an olderage group, cardiac disease is now found to hit 40-55 year olds due to their sedentary lifestyle, stress and obesity.Also, any patient suffering from coronary artery disease is a potential candidate for EECP.

In addition EECP is especially beneficial for:
• Patients who have had persistent heart disease symptoms despite having undergone angioplasty or bypass surgery.
• Patients who cannot undergo surgery due to other medical conditions like diabetics, hypertensions or renal impairment.
• Patients who just don’t want to go under the knife.
• Patients who are heavily dependent on medications or have to cut down their activities in order to avoid angina.

What is the treatment procedure of EECP?

1. Time: One hour a day for 35 sessions or 2 hours a day with a 6 hours gap as advised by cardiologist.
2: Procedure: A typical EECP session would be like this – the patient is made to lie on a padded table and three large inflatable cuffs (like the blood pressure cuff) are strapped to his/her legs. The patient’s heart is monitored via the ECG display on the machine, which in turn regulates the inflation and deflation of the cuffs. EECP gives youtwo benefits. One is that it pumps blood to the coronary arteries and second is that the deflating action creates a vacuum in the arteries when the heart begins to beat.
3. Prerequisites: Treatment is so simple that there are no serious prerequisites. Patients need to have finished meals 2 hours prior and wear tight elastic fitting pants during treatment.

What are the advantages of EECP?

EECP is entirely non-invasive. No medications are given specifically for the treatment but the routine medicationsgiven to strengthen the heart and for diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol reduction need to be continued. The treatment is so simple that the patient feels a drastic improvement from symptoms thereby a sense of well being and an enhanced quality of life.

What are the effects of EECP?

Heart disease does not mean just blockages. It is a condition that affects your entire vascular system, from the brain to your toes. Merely opening up one or two isolated blockages is not the way to treat the condition. EECP in fact treats the entire vascular system, naturally bypassing any blockages.
Apart from this, EECP helps in creating new blood vessels and strengthens your heart, by releasing nitric oxide which relaxes your arteries. EECP also reduces inflammation in the blood vessels which leads to heart disease. Also, EECP is known to reduce stress and depression in patients suffering from heart disease due to improvementin symptoms and ability to go through normal work without pain, discomfort or anxiety.

Is EECP safe? Are there any side effects?

EECP is has a high standard of safety. The treatment is USA FDA approved and used by doctors in India and across the world to treat extremely ill cardiac patients where no medication and no procedure could provide relief. The only side effect of EECP is an increased feeling of well being, improvement in the quality of life and reduction in cardiac medication.

Importance of Physio.

A Physio. doesn't just treat a player, he/she takes care of whole nation's pride......

10 Foods that Burn Fat

Are you planning to get rid of some extra fats from your body?....
Here are 10 Best Foods That Burn Fat.

1. Oats : Its not only tastes great but also reduces your hunger. Oats contains fiber which helps and stabilizes the levels of cholesterol.

2. Eggs : Eggs are the rich sources of proteins and low in calories. Eggs helps us to build the muscles and develops the good cholesterol.

3. Apples : Apples are enriched with powerful antioxidants and other supplements. Most importantly it contains Pectin which helps to reduce the fat cells in the body.

4. Green Chillies : Green chillies contains Capsaicin which helps to develop the body growth cells and burns the calories in quick time.

5. Garlic : Garlic contains Allicin which has anti-bacterial properties helps us to reduce the fat and removes the bad cholesterol.

6. Honey : Honey is the best one to burn fat. Add honey in warm water and take it daily in the early morning.

7. Green Tea : Green Tea is the most effective one which helps you to lose weight. It contains Antioxidants which helps and stabilizes our body weight.Take daily 2 cups of tea for a better results.

8. Wheat Grass : It boosts our metabolism and helps to reduce the fat.

9. Tomatoes : Tomatoes helps us to burn the fat in quick time. It also helps us to stay away from cancer. So Take tomatoes in your diet regularly.

10. Dark Chocolate : Dark chocolate contains Flavonoids, anti-inflammatory properties which helps to reduce the cholesterol levels in the blood. It boost the growth of serotonin in the blood and also burns the fat.

20 Types of Yoga

There are many types of Yoga. 20 types are considered as the leading/main forms of Yoga in current times. Here they are-

1. Hatha Yoga: Hatha Yoga is considered to be the father of all Yoga styles and is the one that we all know as “Yoga” in the West. An encompassing combination of Asanas (postures), Pranayama (regulated breathing), meditation (Dharana & Dhyana) and kundalini (Laya Yoga) targeted to achieving enlightenment or self-realization.

2. Purna (Integral) Yoga: Founded in 1921 by Swami Satchidananda Saraswati, this traditional type of yoga combinespostures, breathing exercises, selfless service, meditation, chanting, prayer, and self-inquiry.

3. Ashtanga (or Astanga) Yoga: Sri K. Pattabhi Jois introduced Asthanga Yoga (athletic yoga practice for advanced users) in 1948 to the world, a physically demanding style of yoga focused towards synchronizing breathing with progressive and continuous series of postures. The purpose is to release internal heat that generates intense sweating to detoxify muscles and organs, improve circulation, flexibility and stamina, and yield a calm mind.

4. Iyengar Yoga: The most practiced and widespread for of Yoga in the world was founded by renowned Yoga masterB.K.S. Iyengar, more than 60 years ago, that promotes strength, flexibility, endurance, and balance through coordinated breathing and poses that require precise body alignment. Although Iyengar incorporates the traditional postures, or asanas, that make up the broader category of hatha yoga, the cushions and other props revolutionized yoga by enabling everyone -- even the elderly, sick, and disabled -- to practice.

5. Vinyasa Yoga: Focuses on coordination of breath and movement and it is a very physically active form of yoga. It began with Krishnamacharyawho later passed it on to Pattabhi Jois.

6. Sivananda Yoga: Founded in 1959 by Swami Vishnudevananda, Sivananda yoga, like Integral Yoga, this traditionaltype of yoga combines postures, breathing, dietary restrictions, chanting, scriptural study, and meditation.

7. Bikram Yoga: A fitness workout oriented practice to build muscular strength and endurance, and cardiovascular flexibility. Founded by Bikram Choudhury in 1963, this is the only yoga style that specializes in using a heated environment (95-105 deg. F) that assists in greater flexibility, detoxification,and prevention of injuries.

8. Kripalu Yoga: Founded in 1965 by Amrit Desai, this gentle, introspective practice urges practitioners to hold posesto explore and release emotional and spiritual blockages. Goal-oriented striving is discouraged and precise alignment is not as important as in some other traditions. There are three stages in Kripalu yoga: Stage One: postures; Stage Two: concentration and inner awareness; Stage Three: meditation.

9. Ananda Yoga: Ananda Yoga, founded in 1968 by Swami Kriyananda, focuses on breathing control, and proper body alignment, with an aim of getting your body ready for meditation, through postures that help guide the energy upwards to the brain.

10. ISHTA: Developed by South African teacher, Swarananda Mani Finger in late 1960s, and popularized in the States by his son Alan, ISHTA (Integral Science of Hatha and Tantric Arts) focuses on opening energy channels throughout the body with postures, visualizations,and meditation.

11. White Lotus Yoga: A modified Ashtanga practice developed by Ganga White in 1968, which is combined with breathwork and meditation.

12. Kundalini Yoga: This practice, founded by Yogi Bhajan in 1969, concentrates on awakening the energy at the base of the spine and drawing it upward. In addition to postures, a typical class will also include chanting, meditation, and breathing exercises.

13. Restorative Yoga: Founded by Judith Lasater, influenced by her teacher B.K.S. Iyengar, focuses on muscle relaxation by passively spending long periods of time lying on blocks, blankets and yoga bolsters.

14. Kali Ray TriYoga: Developed by Kali Ray in 1980, this “dance” form of yoga incorporates graceful asanas, pranayama (breathing exercises) and meditation.

15. Jivamukti Yoga: Developed in 1986 by Sharon Gannon and David Life, Jivamukti Yoga is inclined towards spirituality and ethical existence, values that are devalued in contemporary times. It emphasizes on scriptural study, Sanskrit chanting, vegetarianism, non-violence, meditation, devotion to God and the role that music and listening play in the practice of yoga.

16. Svaroopa Yoga: Founded in 1992 by Swami Nirmalananda Saraswati (formerly known as Rama Berch), this yoga style is a very approachable style for beginners, often beginning in chair poses that are comfortable. Promotes healing and transformation.

17. Anusara Yoga: A modern (1997) fusion concept of the ancient and new thought, combining the ancient principleswith playful spirit. Though the postures are slightly complex and advanced, Anusara Yoga uncorks the heart potential to connect your inner divinity with people around you.

18. Power Yoga: Founded in 2001 by Kurt Johnsen, Power yoga is the American interpretation of ashtanga yoga, a discipline that combines stretching, strength training, and meditative breathing. Many of the asanas resemble basic calisthenics -- push-ups and handstands, toe touches and side bends -- but the key to power yoga's sweat-producing, muscle-buildingpower is the pace. Instead of pausing between poses as you would in traditional yoga, each move flows into the next, making it an intense aerobic workout.

19. Vini Yoga: This is commonly used as a therapeutic practice for people who have suffered injuries or are recovering from surgery. It is a gentle, healing practice that is tailored to each person's body type and needs as they grow and change.

20. Yin Yoga: Sometimes referred to as yoga for the joints, not the muscles, it directs the stimulation normally created by the asana into areas deeper than the superficial or muscular tissues. Yin Yoga works the connective tissues of the ligaments, fascia, joints and bones.

Back Pain- Erector Spinae

Back pain is caused by may reasons. One or many muscles, many muscle groups can be involved. One of the muscle to be influenced in back pain is Erector Spinae.
Here is a simple way to train Erector Spinae group of muscles when there is back pain.

~Blue back represents muscle contraction.

WHY PHYSIOTHERAPY COUNCIL-

Here are the points that strongly advocate why Physiotherapy council is needed....

The objectives of the council are as follows:-

1. Maintenance of uniform standard of physiotherapy education ,both undergraduate and postgraduate.

2. Recommendation for recognition/derecognition of physiotherapy qualification of physiotherapy institution of India or foreign country.

3. Permanent registration/provisional of physiotherapy with recognised physiotherapy qualification.

4. Reciprocity with foreign countries in the matter of manual recognition of physiotherapy qualification.

The rules,regulation & function of council are:-

1. Graduate physiotherapy education regulation. (admission,selection,migaration,training etc.)

2. Postgraduate physiotherapy education regulation. (selection,schedule,examination,period of training,genral condition to be observed by postgraduate teaching institutions ect.)

3.. Teacher eligibility qualification.

4. Code of physiotherapy ethics regulation.

5. Physiotherapy council regulation.

6. Eligibility certification regulation.

7. Screen test regulation.

8. Inspection/visitation with a view to maintain proper standards of physiotherapy education of state.

9. Permission to start new physiotherapy college, new courses including P.G. or higher courses, increases of seats etc.

10. Registration:
a) Permanent registration
b) Provisional registration
c) Registration of additional qualification
d) Issue of good standing certificate for physiotherapy going abroad.

11. Recruitment of the physiotherapists.

MCI letter of NO objection in using "Dr." prefix

MCI’s reply to a PT that MCI has no rule about using Dr. and anyone (degree holder) can use it who practices any form of medicine.

Here is the letter -

MCI has no rule about using “Dr.”

Here the the photo evidence of MCI's letter that it has no rule about using the “Dr." prefix.

Letter to an MP from MCI admitting that there is no rule about using the “Dr.”

THE DELHI COUNCIL FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY BILL , 1997

Delhi National Capital Region Legislative Assembly had passed the state Physiotherapy and Occupational therapy council bill in 1997. It became the first legislative assembly/state to pass such.

Here is the link of the bill-

http://delhiassembly.nic.in/aspfile/billspassed/141997.htm

Physiotherapy- An Art

How to loose fat

In today's life, one of the main health problems is Obesity.
Here are top 5 exercise to loose fat....

How to Prevent Back Injuries

G.O. of Tamilnadu Physiotherapy Council

Here is the G.O. of Tamilnadu Physiotherapy Council published in year 2009.
However, it was opposed by Physiotherapists as it had many injust clauses.

NOTICESHEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE (Z1) DEPARTMENT

Thiruvalluvar Aandu 2039

Aavani 23

Dated 9.9.2009

Annexure to G.O. (Ms) No.338 Health and Family Welfare Department

Dated 16.10.2008

with Amendments G.O (Ms) No.281 Dated 09-09-2009

of Health and Family Welfare (Z1) Department. (Full Text)

The following amendments are in the Annexure to G.O. (Ms) No: 338 of Health and Family Welfare Department dated 16.10.2008 and amendments G.O.(Ms) No.281 dated 9.9.2009. The contents of the above said Government Order Annexure, Clauses and Sub Clauses may be read as follows.

SHORT TITLE and EXTENT:

This Council may be Called Tamil Nadu State Council for Physiotherapy.

It extends to the whole of the State of Tamil Nadu.

DEFINITIONS:

“Council” means the Tamil Nadu State Council for Physiotherapy.

“Government” means Government of Tamil Nadu.

“Physiotherapy” means health care profession which includes examination, treatment, advice and instructions to any person preparatory to or for the purpose of or in connection with movement dysfunction, bodily malfunction, physical disorder, disability, healing and pain from trauma and disease, physical and mental conditions using physical agents including exercise, mobilization, manipulation, mechanical and electrotherapy, activity and devices or diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Register means the Register of Physiotherapists maintained by the Council.

“Physiotherapist” means a person who possesses recognized physiotherapy education and whose name has been entered in the Register of Physiotherapy Council. He shall not use “Dr” before his name and prescribe drugs.

CONSTITUTION AND COMPOSITION OF THE COUNCIL:

The Government shall constitute a Council which will be called the “Tamil Nadu State Council for Physiotherapy” consisting of the following members namely;

A President to be appointed by the Government from among the members registered in the Council.

A Vice President to be appointed by the Government from among the members registered in the Council.

An Officer not below the rank of Deputy Director of Medical and Rural Health Services to be nominated by the Director of Medical and Rural Health Services to represent the Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services.

An Officer not below the rank of Deputy Director to be nominated by the Director of Medical Education to represent the Directorate of Medical Education.

An Officer not below the rank of Deputy Registrar or Deputy Controller to represent the Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University to be nominated by the Vice Chancellor.

A member to be nominated by the President of the Tamil Nadu Medical Council.

Four members to be elected from among the members registered as Physiotherapists in the Council.

Two members to be nominated by the Government from among the teaching faculty in Government Institutions teaching Physiotherapy for a period of three years.

Two members to be nominated by the Government from among the teaching faculty in recognized teaching Physiotherapy Institutions (other than Government Institutions) for a period of three years.

Two members to be nominated by the Government to represent such Organizations which can represent the interest of Physiotherapy.

2. Notwithstanding anything containing in Para 3.1

In respect of the Constitution of the Council for the first time the members thereof including the President and the Vice President shall be nominated by the Government from amongst persons qualified to be elected or nominated as members.

The members so nominated shall hold the office for a period not exceeding three years and later replaced by the elected members.

MODE OF ELECTION

Election shall be conducted in the specified manner and where any dispute arises regarding any such election, it shall be referred to the Government whose decision shall be final.

MEETING OF THE COUNCIL

The Council shall meet at least once a year at such time and place as may be specified by the President.

No subject shall be taken up for deliberation at a meeting of the Council unless six members (including the President and Vice President) are present.

If within half-an hour after the time appointed for the meeting the required quorum is not available; the meeting shall stand adjourned to a date and time to be notified to the members by the presiding officer.

At least fifteen clear days’ notice, in writing, along with agenda proposed to be considered at a meeting of the Council shall be given to the members for holding an ordinary meeting.

The agenda of the meeting shall be settled by the Registrar in consultation with the President.

An extra-ordinary meeting of the Council shall be convened if a requisition in writing by not less than one-fifth of the total number of members of the Council is made to the Registrar Provided that such a meeting shall convened within seven clear days from the date the requisition is received by the Registrar.

Explanation: The expression “Clear days” in this section does not include the day of the issue and the day of the receipt on the notice.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE:-

1) The Council shall constitute from among its members an Executive Committee for such general or special purposes and for such tenure as the Council may consider necessary.

2) The Executive Committee shall consist of the following members

a) President of the Council

b) Vice President of the Council

c) One Member representing Physiotherapists nominated by the President of the

Council.

d) Director of Medical Education

e) Director of Medical and Rural Health Services

3) The President and the Vice President of the Council shall be the Chairman and the Vice

Chairman respectively of the Executive Committee.

4) A member of the Executive Committee shall hold office until the expiry of his term of

office as member of the Council and he shall be eligible for re-nomination.

5) A member may resign his membership of the committee by writing under his hand

addressed t0 the President of the Committee and the vacancy shall be filled up in the

same manner in which that seat was filled in.

POWERS AND FUNCTION OF THE COUNCIL:-

To coordinate and determine the standards of physiotherapy education at all levels (curriculum to be prescribed).

To regulate the practice of the profession by persons possessing recognized physiotherapy qualification.

c. To maintain the Registers of Physiotherapists qualification.

d. To assist the Government in regard to continuing education of registered Physiotherapists.

REGISTRATION OF HE QUALIFICATION:

Every person possessing the qualification as Physiotherapist on payment of such fees as may be specified in this behalf by council from time to time be entitles to have his/het name entered in the register subject to such condition as the Council may impose.

The application for registration shall be accompanied by all documents required to be produced as specified in the form.

The application for registration shall be submitted to the Registrar of the Council. He / She will scrutinize the same and place it before the Council in the next meeting for its approval.

The Council may require any candidate to appear before them in support of any statement made by him/her in his/her application to furnish such other particulars as may be required.

SUPERSESSION OF THE COUNCIL BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT:-

If the Government is of the opinion that the Council is unable to perform, or has persistently made default in the performance of the duty imposed on it by or has exceeded or abused its powers, or has willfully or without sufficient cause failed to comply with any direction issued by the Government the Government may, by order suspend or supersede the Council for such period as may be specified in the said order.

Provided that before issuing such order, the Govt shall give a reasonable opportunity to council show cause why it should not be suspended or superseded and after considering the explanation and objections, if any, of the Council and pass such orders as they deem fit.

Upon the issue of such orders of superseding the council:-

All the members of the Council shall, notwithstanding that their term of office had not expired, as from the date of supersession, vacate their offices as such members;

All the powers and duties be exercised or performed by or on behalf of the Council shall, during the period of suspension or supersession exercised and performed by such person or persons as the Government may direct.

All property vested in the Council shall, during the period of supersession, vest in the Government.

APPOINTMENT OF OFFICER ND EMPLOYEES OF THE COUNCIL:-

For the purpose of discharge council functions effectively the council after approval of the Government, may appoint a Registrar, Officer and other staff which are considered necessary.

The Registrar, Officer or the employees appointed by the Council shall be subject to such condition of service and entitles to such remuneration as may be determined by the regulation to be framed in this behalf.

The Registrar shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Council.

(BY ORDER OF GOVERNER)

V.K.SUBBURAJ

PRINCIPAL SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT

To

The Director of Medical Education, Chennai-10

The Director of Medical and Rural Health Service, Chennai-6

The Director of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chennai-6

Copy to

The Indian Association of Physiotherapists, Chennai

SF/SC

/FORWARDED BY ORDER/

SECTION OFFICER